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Epidemiology and Infection Aug 2020Bordetella bronchiseptica is a potential zoonotic pathogen, which mainly causes respiratory diseases in humans and a variety of animal species. B. bronchiseptica is one...
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a potential zoonotic pathogen, which mainly causes respiratory diseases in humans and a variety of animal species. B. bronchiseptica is one of the important pathogens isolated from rabbits in Fujian Province. However, the knowledge of the epidemiology and characteristics of the B. bronchiseptica in rabbits in Fujian Province is largely unknown. In this study, 219 B. bronchiseptica isolates recovered from lung samples of dead rabbits with respiratory diseases in Fujian Province were characterised by multi-locus sequencing typing, screening virulence genes and testing antimicrobial susceptibility. The results showed that the 219 isolates were typed into 11 sequence types (STs) including five known STs (ST6, ST10, ST12, ST14 and ST33) and six new STs (ST88, ST89, ST90, ST91, ST92 and ST93) and the ST33 (30.14%, 66/219), ST14 (26.94%, 59/219) and ST12 (16.44%, 36/219) were the three most prevalent STs. Surprisingly, all the 219 isolates carried the five virulence genes (fhaB, prn, cyaA, dnt and bteA) in the polymerase chain reaction screening. Moreover, the isolates were resistant to cefixime, ceftizoxime, cefatriaxone and ampicillin at rates of 33.33%, 31.05%, 11.87% and 3.20%, respectively. This study showed the genetic diversity of B. bronchiseptica in rabbits in Fujian Province, and the colonisation of the human-associated ST12 strain in rabbits in Fujian Province. The results might be useful for monitoring the epidemic strains, developing preventive methods and preventing the transmission of epidemic strains from rabbits to humans.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bordetella Infections; Bordetella bronchiseptica; China; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genetic Variation; Phylogeny; Rabbits; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 32829720
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268820001879 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2020, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, infects a broad range of mammalian hosts. -associated atrophic rhinitis incurs substantial losses to the pig breeding industry. The true...
, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, infects a broad range of mammalian hosts. -associated atrophic rhinitis incurs substantial losses to the pig breeding industry. The true burden of human disease caused by is unknown, but it has been postulated that some hypervirulent isolates may be responsible for undiagnosed respiratory infections in humans. was shown to acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other bacterial genera, especially . Here, we present a new lytic bacteriophage-vB_BbrP_BB8-of the family, which offers a safe alternative to antibiotic treatment of infections. We explored the phage at the level of genome, physiology, morphology, and infection kinetics. Its therapeutic potential was investigated in biofilms and in an model, both of which mimic the natural environment of infection. The BB8 is a unique phage with a genome structure resembling that of T7-like phages. Its latent period is 75 ± 5 min and its burst size is 88 ± 10 phages. The BB8 infection causes complete lysis of cultures irrespective of the MOI used. The phage efficiently removes bacterial biofilm and prevents the lethality induced by in honeycomb moth larvae.
Topics: Animals; Biofilms; Bordetella Infections; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Host Microbial Interactions; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Larva; Lepidoptera; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Phylogeny; Podoviridae; Temperature; Virion
PubMed: 32093105
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041403 -
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and... Sep 2021Incidence of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, is rising in some global human populations despite high vaccination rates, and significant...
Incidence of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, is rising in some global human populations despite high vaccination rates, and significant research is underway to address the issue. Baboons are an established model for pertussis research, but like many mammals, they can be naturally infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica. Because B. bronchiseptica interferes with B. pertussis research, it must be excluded from baboons under consideration for enrollment in pertussis studies. In addition to research-related concerns, B. bronchiseptica can sometimes cause clinical disease in baboons and other nonhuman primates. This study examined the use of antibiotics to clear B. bronchiseptica in naturally infected baboons. Thirty-five juvenile baboons were divided into five treatment groups: oral sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (TMS), nebulized gentamicin (gentamicin), combination (TMS + gentamicin) in positive animals, combination (TMS + gentamicin) as a prophylactic in exposed animals and no treatment (control). Combination of oral TMS and nebulized gentamicin given to positive animals was most effective, producing long-term clearance in 11 out of 12 treated animals. To avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics, our primary management strategy is screening and separating to allow natural clearance and limiting exposure to non-infected animals, but this study investigates an antibiotic regimen that could be used in special circumstances.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella pertussis; Papio
PubMed: 33963570
DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12975 -
Infection and Immunity Jun 2022The second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous molecule in bacteria that regulates diverse phenotypes. Among them, motility and biofilm formation are the...
The second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous molecule in bacteria that regulates diverse phenotypes. Among them, motility and biofilm formation are the most studied. Furthermore, c-di-GMP has been suggested to regulate virulence factors, making it important for pathogenesis. Previously, we reported that c-di-GMP regulates biofilm formation and swimming motility in Bordetella bronchiseptica. Here, we present a multi-omics approach for the study of B. bronchiseptica strains expressing different cytoplasmic c-di-GMP levels, including transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and shotgun proteomics with label-free quantification. We detected 64 proteins significantly up- or downregulated in either low or high c-di-GMP levels and 358 genes differentially expressed between strains with high c-di-GMP levels and the wild-type strain. Among them, we found genes for stress-related proteins, genes for nitrogen metabolism enzymes, phage-related genes, and virulence factor genes. Interestingly, we observed that a virulence factor like the type III secretion system (TTSS) was regulated by c-di-GMP. B. bronchiseptica with high c-di-GMP levels showed significantly lower levels of TTSS components like Bsp22, BopN, and Bcr4. These findings were confirmed by independent methods, such as quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (q-RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Higher intracellular levels of c-di-GMP correlated with an impaired capacity to induce cytotoxicity in a eukaryotic cell and with attenuated virulence in a murine model. This work presents data that support the role that the second messenger c-di-GMP plays in the pathogenesis of .
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Cyclic GMP; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Mice; Type III Secretion Systems; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 35612302
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00107-22 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021is a leading cause of respiratory diseases in pigs. However, epidemiological data of in pigs particularly in China, the largest pig rearing country in the world is...
is a leading cause of respiratory diseases in pigs. However, epidemiological data of in pigs particularly in China, the largest pig rearing country in the world is still limited. We isolated 181 strains from 4259 lung samples of dead pigs with respiratory diseases in 14 provinces in China from 2018 to 2020. The average isolation rate of this 3-year period was 4.25% (181/4259). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed by disc diffusion method revealed that most of the isolates in this study were resistant to ampicillin (83.98%), while a proportion of isolates were resistant to cefotaxime (30.39%%), chloramphenicol (12.71%), gentamicin (11.60%), florfenicol (11.60%), tetracycline (8.84%), amoxicillin (8.29%), tobramycin (6.63%), ceftriaxone (4.97%), and cefepime (0.55%). There were no isolates with resistant phenotypes to imipenem, meropenem, polymyxin B, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and amikacin. In addition, ~13.18% of the isolates showed phenotypes of multidrug resistance. Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) by PCR showed that 16.57% of the isolates in this study was positive to , while 3.87%, 2.21%, 1.10%, 0.55%, 0.55%, and 0.55% of the isolates were positive to , , , and , respectively. Detection of virulence factors encoding genes (VFGs) by conventional PCR showed that over 90% of the pig isolates in this study were positive to the five VFGs examined (, 97.24%; , 91.16%; , 98.34%; , 98.34%; , 92.82%). These results demonstrate as an important pathogen associated with pig respiratory disorders in China. The present work contributes to the current understanding of the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of in pigs.
PubMed: 34169108
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.672716 -
Viruses Jan 2022Respiratory disease in horses is caused by a multifactorial complex of infectious agents and environmental factors. An important pathogen in horses is equine herpesvirus...
Respiratory disease in horses is caused by a multifactorial complex of infectious agents and environmental factors. An important pathogen in horses is equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1). During co-evolution with this ancient alphaherpesvirus, the horse's respiratory tract has developed multiple antiviral barriers. However, these barriers can become compromised by environmental threats. Pollens and mycotoxins enhance mucosal susceptibility to EHV-1 by interrupting cell junctions, allowing the virus to reach its basolateral receptor. Whether bacterial toxins also play a role in this impairment has not been studied yet. Here, we evaluated the role of α-hemolysin (Hla) and adenylate cyclase (ACT), toxins derived from the facultative pathogenic bacterium () and the primary pathogen (), respectively. Equine respiratory mucosal explants were cultured at an air-liquid interface and pretreated with these toxins, prior to EHV-1 inoculation. Morphological analysis of hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained sections of the explants revealed a decreased epithelial thickness upon treatment with both toxins. Additionally, the Hla toxin induced detachment of epithelial cells and a partial loss of cilia. These morphological changes were correlated with increased EHV-1 replication in the epithelium, as assessed by immunofluorescent stainings and confocal microscopy. In view of these results, we argue that the ACT and Hla toxins increase the susceptibility of the epithelium to EHV-1 by disrupting the epithelial barrier function. In conclusion, this study is the first to report that bacterial exotoxins increase the horse's sensitivity to EHV-1 infection. Therefore, we propose that horses suffering from infection by or may be more susceptible to EHV-1 infection.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Epithelial Cells; Hemolysin Proteins; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 1, Equid; Horse Diseases; Horses; Respiratory Mucosa; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Staphylococcus aureus; Virus Replication
PubMed: 35062352
DOI: 10.3390/v14010149 -
Medicine Dec 2021Bordetella bronchiseptica is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infections in domesticated dogs and cats and a rare zoonotic pathogen in immunocompromised humans.... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infections in domesticated dogs and cats and a rare zoonotic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. With increasing numbers of people acquiring pets and spending time with them in confined spaces due to COVID-19 lockdowns, it is important to be aware of adverse health consequences brought about by this interaction. We present a case of B bronchiseptica pneumonia in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and review key characteristics of an additional 30 cases of B bronchiseptica infections in 29 patients with HIV/AIDS that were identified by literature review.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 61-year-old male with HIV/AIDS who was not on antiretroviral therapy and had advanced immunosuppression with a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 3 cells/μL sought medical attention for multiple somatic issues including subjective fevers, shortness of breath, and intermittent chest pain.
DIAGNOSIS
Computed tomography of the chest identified bilateral nodular opacities in the lower lobes with scattered areas of ground glass opacities. B bronchiseptica was identified in sputum culture by mass spectrometry followed by supplementary biochemical testing.
INTERVENTIONS
Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated and changed to levofloxacin after susceptibility testing was completed.
OUTCOMES
The patient was discharged after symptomatic improvement with levofloxacin.
LESSONS
Pneumonia with interstitial infiltrates in the setting of advanced CD4 lymphocyte depletion is the most common clinical syndrome caused by B bronchiseptica in patients with HIV/AIDS, and may be accompanied by sepsis. Advanced immune suppression, as well as chronic medical conditions, for example, alcoholism, diabetes, and renal failure that compromise host defenses are also commonly found in cases of B bronchiseptica infection in patients who do not have HIV infection. Reported animal contact among patients was not universal. Isolates were susceptible to aminoglycosides, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, but typically resistant to most cephalosporins.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bordetella Infections; Bordetella bronchiseptica; HIV Infections; Humans; Levofloxacin; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 34941094
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028244 -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Jul 2022Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising tools in the development of novel vaccines against the respiratory pathogens Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella...
Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising tools in the development of novel vaccines against the respiratory pathogens Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Unfortunately, vesiculation by bordetellae is too low for cost-effective vaccine production. In other bacteria, iron limitation or inactivation of the fur gene has been shown to increase OMV production, presumably by downregulation of the mla genes, which encode machinery for maintenance of lipid asymmetry in the outer membrane. Here, we followed a similar approach in bordetellae. Whereas a fur mutant was readily obtained in B. bronchiseptica, a B. pertussis fur mutant could only be obtained in iron-deplete conditions, indicating that a fur mutation is conditionally lethal in this bacterium. The fur mutants displayed a growth defect in iron-replete media, presumably because constitutive expression of iron-uptake systems resulted in iron intoxication. Accordingly, expression of the Escherichia coli ferritin FtnA to sequester intracellularly accumulated iron rescued the growth of the mutants in these media. The fur mutations led to the constitutive expression of novel vaccine candidates, such as the TonB-dependent receptors FauA for the siderophore alcaligin and BhuR for heme. However, neither inactivation of fur nor growth under iron limitation improved vesiculation, presumably because the expression of the mla genes appeared unaffected.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella pertussis; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Iron; Siderophores
PubMed: 35700015
DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac047 -
Thorax Dec 1994
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Animals; Bordetella Infections; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Humans; Pneumonia, Bacterial
PubMed: 7878573
DOI: 10.1136/thx.49.12.1278-b -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022The bacterium is responsible for serious respiratory disease in dogs, most often associated with 'kennel cough' (canine infectious tracheobronchitis). It is recommended...
The bacterium is responsible for serious respiratory disease in dogs, most often associated with 'kennel cough' (canine infectious tracheobronchitis). It is recommended that dogs are vaccinated against the bacterium every 6-12 months, either by oral or intranasal administration. Any impairment of dogs' olfactory capabilities due to medical treatments may impact their efficiency and accuracy in their jobs. This study examined (1) the effect of intranasal and oral vaccines on the olfactory capabilities of detection dogs; as well as (1) effects of the vaccines on canine behavior. Dogs that were vaccinated initially with the oral and 28 days later with intranasal were generally slower to find the target odor than the dogs that were assigned intranasal then oral vaccine. This result prompted a second between-subjects study to further investigate any impact of intranasal administration of the vaccine on the olfactory capabilities of dogs. The intranasal vaccine was of particular interest due to its prevalent use and potential for nasal inflammation leading to decreased olfactory capabilities. Neither odor threshold nor time spent searching for odor were affected by the intranasal vaccine. Behavioral analyses showed that behaviors associated with the dogs' positive and negative motivation affected their time spent finding the target odor; this suggests that behavior should be considered in future studies of olfactory performance.
PubMed: 35664843
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.882424